Juvenile Services Department ( Jsd ) Essay - 1946 Words

A) Overview of the agency; purpose/mission: Juvenile Services Department (JSD) provides a continuum of comprehensive service to arrested and at-risk juveniles and their families. JSD is designed to address the root causes of juvenile crime and prevent further delinquent behavior. Law enforcement and social services to work together to provide a complete range of services for both at-risk youth and youth involved with the Juvenile Justice System. JSDS increase public safety by reducing juvenile delinquency through effective prevention and treatment services that strengthen families to turn around the lives of troubled youth in Miami-Dade County. B) Population being served: Miami-Dade County Juvenile Services Department serves youths who are at risk or involved in the Juvenile Justice System 18 years of age and younger. C) Services rendered to clients: Services rendered to clients at Miami-Dade County Juvenile Services Department to help youth that are at-risk or Justice System are Prevention Program, Civil Citation Program (CCP), Juvenile Alterative Service Sanction (JASS), and Juvenile Delinquency Alternative Program (J-DAP) D) Explain your role in the agency: As an intern at Juvenile Service Department, I work with the CCP and JASS programs. I am responsible for getting in contact with the youth and family to schedule appointments for services. I conduct the intake assessments, and Youth Level of Service assessment to see which services will be effective for theShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Service Department Is A Centralized Processing, Referral, And Evaluation Center Essay2071 Words   |  9 PagesOverview of the agency; purpose/mission: The Juvenile Services Department is a centralized processing, referral, and evaluation center for all youths arrested in Miami-Dade County. While at the JSD, all youths are provided with juvenile screening and substance abuse/mental health assessment. (http://www.miami-dadeclerk.com/families_juvenile_arrested.asp) B) Population being served: The population being served at the Juvenile Service Department includes adolescents and children. The programRead MoreThe Juvenile Service Department Is A Centralized Processing, Referral And Evaluation Center For All Youths Arrested Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesA) Overview of the agency; purpose/mission: The Juvenile Services Department is a centralized processing, referral and evaluation center for all youths arrested in Miami-Dade County. While at the JSD, all youths are provided with juvenile screening and substance abuse/mental health assessment. (http://www.miami-dadeclerk.com/families_juvenile_arrested.asp) B) Population being served: The population being served at Juvenile Service Department includes adolescents and children. The program serves

Descriptive Essay About Fear - 824 Words

Martha Grice Professor Amanda Hope Dammon English-1301.NT8.17FA September 19, 2017 Being Afraid What does it mean to be afraid? Someone is fearful of the outcome of something known, or better yet, something you unknow. It fills a body with worry, anxiety, stress, and many other feelings that arise, some of us get that sinking feeling in our stomach. People see things that are promoted on TV that give them that feeling, their skin crawls on the back of their necks and goes to their arms as the hair on them start to rise. The sensations that fills a body at this time, arise because of fear. No one can’t help to calm those until the results of those sensations are known. So, can fear come from good things? When I was younger, I was never†¦show more content†¦In the winter time if someone were on the highway, and it has just rained they know the roads are going to be icing over. The weathermen on TV and the radio have warned everyone that there could be black ice on the road, under the overpasses, and on the bridges. They are driving the posted speed limit, and as they are going under the overpass the vehicle starts to slide, and they have to do their best to regain control of the vehicle, or they will hit the barrier, one could also crash into a cement pillar. These things are all going through their mind at that very moment. I have seen a car burning after losing control on the ice after it hit the barrier guard on the bridge, the only thing left of the car was the burning engine. There are a lot of ways for fear to present itself, whether they are good or bad. Can you remember the last time that you felt fear? Were you alone, with a loved one, or a friend? Think about that moment. Do you feel it? How your insides are filling up with emotion. What you feel when you are afraid, is not the same as what others feel. There are people in the world today that won’t leave their homes because they are so afraid of what lies in wait for them, once they step out the door. There are people who won’t ride a train, fly, ride in a car, walk on a certain side of the street, on the sidewalk, ride a bike,Show MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay About Fear1511 Words   |  7 PagesI have this fear. It causes my legs to shake. I break out in a cold sweat. I start jabbering to anyone who is nearby. As thoughts of certain death run through my mind, the world appears a precious, treasured place. I imagine my own funeral, then shrink back at the implications of where my thou ghts are taking me. My stomach feels strange. My palms are clammy. I am terrified of heights. Of course, it’s not really a fear of being in a high place. Rather, it is the view of a long way to fall, of rocksRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Fear1653 Words   |  7 PagesFear consumes me every moment of every day and with everything I do in my life. I am scared of failing, speaking, socializing, cooking, swimming, riding a bike, driving, death, and being alone. My mom says I have an active imagination but everyone else seems to think that I have a mental problem. This year is my last year of high school and then I am on my own in a big, bad world full of terrible things. Something inside of me takes over. I’ve been to many psychiatric doctors but they do absolutelyRead MoreNarrative Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Narrative Essay *What is a Narrative Essay? †¢ Narrative writing tells a story. In essays, the narrative writing could also be considered reflection or an exploration of the authors values told as a story. The author may remember his or her past, or a memorable person or event from that past, or even observe the present. †¢ The author may write about: -An experience or event from his or her past. -A recent or ongoing experience or event. Read MoreSummary Of Once More To The Lake840 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay â€Å"Once More to the Lake,† author E.B. White reflects on experiences he has had throughout his life at a family vacation spot. Although he writes the essay as an adult, he focuses on many childhood experiences with his father at the lake, comparing them to experiences he is having at same lake with his son. White begins by recalling his first time at the lake. He examines the similarities and differences between the two generations of lake experiences through rhetorical techniques inRead MoreThe Task Of Composing A Descriptive Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesRecently, my Composition I teacher assigned the class the task of composing a descriptive essay. This led me to the question, â€Å"what is a descriptive essay?† What topic could I possible write about for three whole pages? What have I done, seen, or experience that could fill these three long pages? My life thus far has been quite sheltered, so this has created quite the dilemma for me. Being that I am supposed to be descriptive, I feel the need to describe the stress that this has created for me. My physicalRead MoreRhinoceros Beetle788 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 2 Essay One Charles. Oryema Question: Worlds within texts often prompt us to question the worlds outside texts. Write an essay in response to this statement with reference to at least one short story you have studied. â€Å"Rhinoceros Beetle† by Susan Hawthorne is a story about a boy’s childhood obsession which becomes a reality when he grows into a man. The story presents ideas and assumptions which viewers can relate toRead MoreTragedy : A Great Topic1061 Words   |  5 Pageswhere Wit fails, steps in to our defence, and fills up all the mighty Void of sense.† (Page 702 Lines 1-10). This is a quote from Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism. Alexander Pope wrote poetry. His favorite topic was informative. In this poem the first fourteen lines are about pride, stanza two is about the lack of learning. He also talks about wit, judging a book by the cover, how hard it is to please, being partial to groups the critic favors, being influenced by others, and more. AristotleRead MoreTension in Chapter 6 of to Kill a Mockingbird734 Words   |  3 Pagesorder to understand more about the personality of this ‘mysterious’ character. Scout joins them on their night -time exploration because she is afraid of being left out. Due to the nature in which they entered the house, Nathan Radley-Boo Radley’s brother shoots at them as he thought his house was attacked by burglars. In chapter six of ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’, Harper Lee cleverly uses a variety of literary techniques and devices to create tension prior to the shooting. This essay discusses the languageRead More To Go or Not To Go Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesVietnam War was a very confrontational issue amongst numerous Americans during the 1960’s and 70’s. Many young Americans did not agree with fighting in the Vietnam War. In the essay â€Å"On the Rainy River,† by Tim O’Brien explains the struggle of a 21 year old American man who has been drafted to fight in the Vietnam War. The essay proposes the narrators predicament of not wanting to go to war and displays his reasons why. The narrator states that â€Å"American war in Vietnam seeme d to [him as being] wrongRead MoreNarrative Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essays: To Tell a Story There are four types of essays: Exposition - gives information about various topics to the reader. Description - describes in detail characteristics and traits. Argument - convinces the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic. Narrative - tells a story, usually from one person’s viewpoint. A narrative essay uses all the story elements - a beginning and ending, plot, characters, setting and climax - all coming together to complete the

Cigarettes And Other Nicotine Products - 884 Words

Mikhaylovich Group topic: Cigarettes and Other Nicotine Products In today’s session, group members were to learn the physiological and neurological effects of using nicotine and tobacco. The importance of quitting smoking and the methods of cessation were discussed. PO was on time and minimally engaged in the discussion. PO showed no interested in today’s topic as evidenced by only answering questions when prompted. PO completed the weekly treatment progress, reported having attended one sober meeting, no verification was provided. PO’s response to treatment was not as positive as usual. Eliason Group topic: Cigarettes and Other Nicotine Products In today’s session, group members were to learn the physiological and neurological effects of using nicotine and tobacco. The importance of quitting smoking and the methods of cessation were discussed. PO was on time and moderately engaged in the discussion. PO openly shared personal experiences and thoughts related to tobacco use with peers, stated â€Å"I started smoking cigarette when I was 10 year old because everyone was doing it†. PO stated no desire for quitting smoking cigarette at this point. PO completed the weekly treatment progress, reported that he did not attend any support meetings as he was â€Å"sick and lack of free time†. PO has maintained a positive attitude throughout the group process. Sleister Group topic: Cigarettes and Other Nicotine Products PO was not present for IOP group today. PO contacted CDPShow MoreRelatedShould E-Cigarettes Be Restricted in Public Areas? Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesShould E-Cigarettes Be Restricted In Public Areas? E-cigarettes have heating elements that are battery operated and hold cartridges of nicotine and other liquids and flavoring. They were produced to assist those who are trying to quit smoking or reduce the amount of nicotine that is actually inhaled in the body to make it a safer product for the consumer than actually smoking a cigarette. There is controversy on whether or not this product promotes a safer nicotine habit or stimulates someone toRead MoreAnalysis On Reduced Nicotine Content For Cigarettes1171 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis on Reduced-Nicotine Content for Cigarettes Smoking is a major problem concerning public health. It comes with many side effects that affect not only the smoker, but also victims of secondhand smoke and even thirdhand smoke. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide that affects at least 6 million people a year. Previous research has shown that smokers die an average of 15 years earlier than non-smokers. Eric C. Donny, Ph.D, along with several other researchers, proposedRead MoreA Look At Tobacco Additives1504 Words   |  7 PagesWiggins September 24, 2014 â€Æ' In an article published in 1999 entitled Tobacco Additives: Cigarette Engineering and Nicotine Addiction, C. Bates, M. Jarvis, and G. Connolly explore the ins and outs of the tobacco industry. They discuss the regulations placed on the tobacco industry, and discuss various studies that give information about the effects of the additives included in cigarettes and tobacco products. This 25 page document gives a detailed explanation of the tobacco industry and the way theyRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes: A Safer Alternative? 1074 Words   |  4 Pagesoutweigh other smoking interventions. Existing smoking cessation programs have high failure rates if no nicotine replacement is being used, however, smokers who use nicotine replacement therapy or more likely to stop smoking than those without. So that brings us to electronic cigarettes a new growing trend which may prove to be an alternative to current r eplacement therapy products. In the United States electronic cigarettes are being advertised as a safe alternative to tobacco products, even thoughRead MoreE Cigarettes, The Next Big Thing1612 Words   |  7 PagesE-Cigarettes, the Next Big Thing The Los Angeles Times states: â€Å"Electronic Cigarettes are either a potent weapon in war against tobacco, or they are insidious menace that threatens to get kids hooked on nicotine and make smoking socially acceptable again† (Morin). E-cigarettes are now becoming more widespread, especially among young people. The electronic cigarette industry is growing rapidly in the United States due to the rising demand, which is stirring up opinions and research among the massesRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes ( E Cigarettes )980 Words   |  4 PagesElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been increasing popular in the last several years for various reasons. An e-cigarette will automatically turn on by sensing pressure being applied at the base of the cigarette (Dennis 2015). Electronic cigarettes are battery operated that are supposed to mimic a real cigarette, meaning that the one end of the e-cigarette lights up, and a vapor is released into the air (Stein 2015). Inside the cigare tte, there is a cartilage where the nicotine is stored (DennisRead MoreThe Legal Considerations For E Cigarettes1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom deaths related to cigarette smoking. This costs the public over $300 billion. Have you ever wondered about alternatives to this habit? Have you ever wondered â€Å"what exactly is an e-cigarette?† Where did they originate? Does it pose a threat to health? Yes, we know that it is an alternative to cigarette smoking, but what is the big rave about this small device that has the center of attention for smokers? Today we will expand on the history and the science of e-cigarettes, and understand if thereRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking752 Words   |  4 PagesE-cigarettes are Better for Smokers than Regular Ones Smoking tobacco is probably one of the worst habits humankind has developed. Originating as a tradition of the Native Americans, practiced mostly on special occasions, smoking has gradually become a kind of mass addiction. Due to the efforts of tobacco companies seeking to increase their sales, people started smoking more and more often; the evolution of a more traditional pipe to a cigarette took some time, but eventually tobacco became moreRead MoreElectronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Industry Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe UK has seen a rapid growth in the Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems industry, which consists of several devices including e-cigarettes. The question of their safety and supply arises with more concern in the pharmacy sector as they become increasingly popular. In today’s generation, pharmacists face a tough challenge to balances their roles as healthcare professionals and as successful retailers in order to survive against their competitors. The R oyal Pharmaceutical Society has maintainedRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes: The Alternative Way to Smoke Essays1191 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic Cigarettes: The Alternative Way to Smoke Once again man is faced with the age old question to smoke or not to smoke. Today, I feel that isn’t the question that faces man. The question should be why smoke when one could vape? The use of battery-powered electronic cigarettes is growing across Europe and the United States because they allow users to inhale nicotine vapor without also ingesting tar and other cancer-causing substances present in traditional cigarettes (par. 2). Health experts

The Philosophy Of Law And Justice - 848 Words

The Philosophy of Law and Justice Ratika Sharma Monday, September 23, 2014 CLU3M1 Miss Dowhaniuk â€Å"†¦No matter how plain a women may be if truth and loyalty are stamped upon her face all will be attracted to her...† Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 2014 in New York City, New York. She was the only the only daughter of Anna Hall and Elliot Roosevelt; she was the middle child in her trio of siblings. Her brothers were Elliot Roosevelt Jr. and Gracie Hall Roosevelt who were the oldest and youngest siblings respectively. The Roosevelt siblings encountered trauma at a young age. Their mother passed away when Eleanor was only eight years old and their father passed away shortly after, when Eleanor just turned†¦show more content†¦She was heavily influenced by the unfair conditions people of colour encountered and the women’s suffrage movement. Roosevelt was influenced to say this quote because she was fully aware of the rights white men were accustomed to versus everyone else in society. Although certain groups of people were granted more rights than others, it does not mean it is fair to minorities. A society can thrive when everyone is given equal rights all the time, not when superiority groups deem so to minorities. Simply, this quote means that if we are to grant justice to a certain group of people, we must do so to all the people, regardless if they belong to the minority group or not. It can be very easy to only give rights to a certain group of people, but that would cause chaos and can corrupt our government system. Fundamentally, justice is one of our most important rights as human beings and is something that is entitled to us, as Canadians, regardless of age, gender or ethnicity. Justice is also necessary for everyone as injustice towards certain groups can cause violence. â€Å"Your crown has been bought and paid for†, said Maya Angelou. Many people are proud of western civilization for changing our mindset towards big issues such as women’s rights and multiculturalism, but many forget that our nation was not always so free and open. We must respect our ancestors for changing society and not take our rights forShow MoreRelatedSocrates s Philosophy On The Western Civilizat ion1440 Words   |  6 Pagesspiritual enlightenment (Class notes.) After his death and his famous trial, Socrates’s philosophy had an enormous impact on the Western Civilization. Socrates’ philosophy could be found in Plato’s works. For example, The Republic written in a form of discussion is an influential book that contributes to several debates. Even if some argue about the validity and accuracy of Plato’s works regarding Socrates’ philosophy, those works allow us to conclude that Socrates was devoted and dedicated to truth.Read MoreJohn Rawls Justice is Fairness1525 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, in my personal opinion â€Å"Justice Theories† or â€Å"Justice as Fairness† is the most interesting, complex and the most appealing along with my opinions and reason why I agree with the theory that John Rawls has presented. Information taken from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Some quick facts about John Rawls are: Rawls was born February 21, 1921 and died November 24, 2002. Rawls was an American philosopher and a leading figure in moral and political philosophy. John is most known for hisRead MorePunishment Philosophies1704 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment Philosophies Abstract The processes by which justice is applied are determined largely by proposed punishment philosophies. These express various concerns and arguments regarding appropriate sentencing and treatment. The philosophy of rehabilitation dominates the proceedings of juvenile courts, and is heavily scrutinized at an adult level, or when the criminal behavior of juveniles continues to accelerate, butRead MoreThe Law Of The Land915 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment, policy, and laws using the Constitution. This Constitution was first signed by 39 delegates and created a foundation for which the country to abide by. Surely with 39 men, there were bound to be differing ideas on how to interpret this document. The way one interprets it to make rulings can be classified into Judicial Philosophy and ideology. With this and the Judiciary Branch, the United States can make well informed decisions on laws and statutes. Judicial Philosophy is simply how one â€Å"Read MorePunishment and Sentencing Paper1278 Words   |  6 PagesPunishment and Sentencing Paper CJA/224 Garrett LeGrange September 17, 2010 There are many different philosophies that are in use in the court systems when determining what sort of punishment will be imposed on someone who is found guilty of committing a crime. These philosophies are in use in both the adult courts and juvenile courts. The juvenile court system is similar to the adult courts, but there are many differences between the two. Both court systems try and keep crime from happeningRead MoreLaw Is A Social Institution1390 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one thinks of law and the studying of law, they typically think of lots of reading, books, and complex terms, and the idea sounds more or less very strict and uninteresting. Studying law yes does require all the previous mentioned, but it’s also so much more than that. Law is a social institution and as we know different places have different sets of laws for the people residing in them to follow. Studying law is yes learning all of the rules and regulations that create that law but it is alsoRea d MoreThe Article Ethical Reasoning : Implications For Accounting875 Words   |  4 Pagessummarizes modern moral philosophies and defines different views on ethics according to the philosophy being followed. There are four broad categories of moral philosophies: teleology, deontology, justice theory, and virtue ethics. In many cases, there are specific subgroups within these major groups. The article gives specific examples of when each philosophy should be used and illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of each philosophy. The first moral philosophy mentioned is teleologyRead MoreEssay Kant vs. Mill: Human Rights and Utilitarianism1729 Words   |  7 Pagesin an equal way. These rights have been entrenched through laws that are passed by states and international conventions. Human rights laws have evolved over time, and have been shaped by several factors, including philosophical theories in the past. This paper looks at the theories of two philosophers, Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mills, and how their teachings can be used to explain the sources of human rights. Kant’s moral philosophy is very direct in its justification of human rights, especiallyRead MoreLawrence V. Texas : A Case1559 Words   |  7 PagesLAWRENCE V. TEXAS: A CASE STUDY IN JUDICIAL PHILOSOPHY The role of the Judicial Branch of the United States has been the most dynamic throughout the Nation’s history. By adopting the power of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison in 1803, the Supreme Court established its position as being arguably the most powerful branch of Federal Government. However, this also made the Judiciary’s role the most controversial. Should the Court be required to interpret the constitution strictly through the languageRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Social Justice1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdistribution are concepts that are embedded in social justice. Individuals living in harmony for mutual benefit living in a state of society are set out by social contract. This paper will firstly show, the background of the philosophy of social justice. Then it will focus on John Rawls Theory of Justice. Secondly, It addresses the stages of the Theory of Justice, It then historical nature of social justice in conjunction with western philosophy. Lastly it wi ll look at the diversity of philosophical

International Accounting Determination of Currency Level

Question: Write about theInternational Accountingfor Determination of Currency Level. Answer: Determination of Currency Level by Central Bank If the economy of a nation is considered as the human body, then the central bank must be considered as the heart of the body. The central bank controls the level of money into the economy of a nation to maintain the growth and health of the nation. The manner in which the central bank controls the level of money depends on the economic power and situation of the central bank. The amounts of money that are circulating in the economy of a nation have an impact on both macro and micro economic trends. The level of money that are issued by the central bank have an impact on the car loans, personal loans and home mortgages (Gal and Gambetti 2015). The central bank controls the money through the following: Print more money As the economy is not pegged to any gold standard, the Central bank can simply increase the quantity of money by printing it. They have the ability to print the money as much as they want though there is some negative impact of this. Just printing more money has no impact on the production or output levels and the money itself becomes valueless. Further, it can lead to inflation and therefore, it is not the preferable option for the bank (Krugman 2014). Set the requirement for reserve the basic method that is used by all the central banks are to control the amount of money in the economy for the requirement of reserve. As per the rule, the central banks require the depository institutions to deposit a particular amount of money as the reserve amount against the all transaction accounts. When more money is circulated by the bank then the requirement of reserve is reduced. That means the bank is in a position to lend more amount of money. On the contrary, if it wants to reduce the level of money, it has the option of increasing the requirement of reserve and the bank will have less amount of money for the purpose of lending which in turn, will increase the rate of interest (Lee 2014). Influence the rate of interest in most the instances the central bank directly cannot set the rate of interest for the loans like car loans, mortgage loans and personal loans. However, in certain manner they can push the rate of interest to the level of desire. For instance, they can set the rate through setting the borrowing rates of commercial banks from the central bank. The rate at which the commercial banks can borrow the loan from central bank will have direct impact on their lending rate and thereby will control the amount of money that is circulated in the economy (McKinnon and Schnabl 2014). Engage in the operation of open market central bank can influence the amount of money through selling or buying the government securities by engaging in the operation of open market. When the bank wants to increase the amount of money, it buys the government securities from the commercial banks. These make the asset of the bank free as they now have more amount to lend and the vice versa is done when the bank intends to reduce the level of money in the economy. Introduce the Quantitative Easing Programme under the programme of Quantitative easing, the Central bank can generate money and utilise it to purchase the securities and assets like government bonds. This money will enter the banking system as the money is received as the payment for the assets that are bought by central bank. In turn, the reserves of the bank will enhance and that will encourage the bank to lend more money, which in turn, will reduce the rate of long-term interest and will encourage for investment. Actions taken by Central Bank of Australia The central bank tries its best to maintain a healthy economy. The way in which it does this is through controlling the quantity of money in circulation. This is done through influencing the rate of interest, setting-up the requirements of reserve and engaging itself into the operation of open market. For assuring the sustainable and healthy economy, it is important to have the control on the right amount of money under circulation (Del Negro and Sims 2015). Although the experts are predicting that Reserve Bank will keep their interest rate on hold, there is a possibility on the hike of the rate. The official cash rate of the RBA has been put on hold at the rate of 1.50% as it dropped at lowest during August 2016. The RBA utilises it as the instrument for the monetary policy, and will increase the cash rate through the operation in financial market (Burnside, Eichenbaum and Rebelo 2016). Impact on Stock Market Falling of interest rate does not have any direct impact on the stock market, it just change the psychology of the people. When the interest rate falls, the people starts spending more and this will enhance the earnings and thereby the stock price will rise and the market jumps with happiness. Therefore, though the relationship among the stock market and interest rate is indirect, they have a tendency to move in opposite directions (Asekome and Agbonkhese 2015). Impact on House Prices and Investor Loan When the interest rates are low, more people will be able to afford building and thereby will increase the jobs related to construction. This is the ideal outcome for the RBA when they are reducing the rates. Further, the reduced rates not only enable the people to borrow more, it will assist the people to renovate their existing houses. Moreover, the lower rate of interest will make the debt more attractive and influence them to invest more as the repayment of the amount becomes smaller. The reduced rate of interest will force the people to look for non-cash investments. These non-cash investments include share market, housing market and investment property (Ali, Barrdear, Clews and Southgate 2014). Reference Ali, R., Barrdear, J., Clews, R. and Southgate, J., 2014. The economics of digital currencies. Asekome, M.O. and Agbonkhese, A.O., 2015. Macroeconomic Variables, Stock Market Bubble, Meltdown and Recovery: Evidence from Nigeria.Journal of Finance,3(2), pp.25-34. Burnside, C., Eichenbaum, M. and Rebelo, S., 2016. Currency crises models. InBanking Crises(pp. 79-83). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Del Negro, M. and Sims, C.A., 2015. When does a central bank? s balance sheet require fiscal support?.Journal of Monetary Economics,73, pp.1-19. Gal, J. and Gambetti, L., 2015. The effects of monetary policy on stock market bubbles: Some evidence.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,7(1), pp.233-257. Krugman, P., 2014. Currency regimes, capital flows, and crises.IMF Economic Review,62(4), pp.470-493. Lee, J.W., 2014. Will the Renminbi Emerge as an International Reserve Currency?.The World Economy,37(1), pp.42-62. McKinnon, R. and Schnabl, G., 2014. China's exchange rate and financial repression: The conflicted emergence of the RMB as an international currency.China World Economy,22(3), pp.1-35.

Competition in Business to Consumer and Business to Business

Question: Describe about competition in business-to-consumer and business-to-business in Thornton? Answer: Executive summary The report focuses on the market positioning based on the competition in both business-to-consumer and business-to-business markets. The project provides a detailed review and reforming of the strategies of the companys mission and vision statements so as to ensure the clarity of purpose for the future of Thornton's (Thorntons plc Annual Report and Accounts 2013, 2015). Apart from this the project deals with the various internal and external factors that have an effect on the companys marketing strategy. The SWOT analysis of the company is done so as to identify the probable market scenario of the company and to find the weakness of the company and act accordingly. The various business channels of the company as well as the business partners of the company that is the franchisers and retailers analysis is done to get a clear picture of the company. The company has its own channels of distribution in the market. More over the company has their own stores and franchisee through which they are able to serve the people and meet their expectations. The company has installed a robot packing machine which has increased the efficiency of the packing in the boxed chocolates segment. The company had extended their relationship with their logistic partner DHL, so that the company can be benefitted in that sector. Introduction Thornton is the largest chocolate company in UK. The company is creating quality chocolates for the people for more than 100 years. From its inception the company has now a turnover of 220 million. The company has a large channel of operation which includes franchises, online as well as shops and a number of retail partners. The company tries to provide the people to say important things to their near and dear ones through their chocolates. The company uses creativity, and excellence to bring the people together is the strategy of the company. The vision of the company is to be Britains best loved chocolate brand, making every customer smile (Thorntons PLC Annual Report and Accounts 2014, 2015). The company has a retail division and a FMCG division. In the retail division the company has 296 stores as well as cafs across the country as well as Ireland. The company also wishes to be a multi- channel retailer in the country as well as internationally. The company is the leader in their core business and they are followed by Cadbury (Khan, 2015). The company focuses to meet the needs and demands of the customers as well as to deliver a reduced and a sustained estate in retail. The company wishes to grow the sales utilising all its channels. The recent and current state of the business The market of chocolate has been growing in the recent years with an overall market worth of 3.9 billion. Even though there is a down turn in the economic market the consumption of the chocolates has not declined. The purchase of the chocolates for the purpose of treats as well as gifts is increasing over the years. This is so because the trend of giving chocolates to people as a substitute to high priced gifts are increasing (Thorntons Strategy Presentation, 2014). The company is aiming to retain the number one position in the UK market. Thornton puts the shopper at the centre of the business. The company ensures that the products are available at places where the customers want the products. Last year the company was successful in reducing the store estate so that their business is sustainable as well as profitable. The company aims to position its brand consistently in the market so that the customers are well aware of their products (Just-food.com, 2015). The packaging as well as the range of products are innovated and updated so that the people find the concepts new and refreshing. Moreover the company wants that the people to have good shopping experience while they are in the stores. The international sales of the company have grown over the years to 6.1 million. The company has adopted a distribution strategy through the various super markets in the foreign countries like Australia, UAE, and South Africa. For the time being the company is planning to gain more knowledge on this frame of distribution. The company has introduced a private label in the year 2012 where the company has earned a profit of 6.3 million. There is as such no competition in this segment for the brands and products that the company supplies. Though it must be seen that the retails sales of the company declined by 9.3% from 132.1 million to 120.0 million. There is also a decline in the revenue from the stores owned by the company due to the closure of 35 stores (Thorntons Strategy Review Presentation, 2011). Own Stores- the company has their own merchandised stores through which the company sells to the customers directly. The company made pleasantprogress all through the year. on the whole sales were low 0.8%( in 2012 it was down 3.8%); but the company witnesseddevelopment in like-for-like sales in each of the important occasions in thesecond part of the financial year (Mothers Day, Easter, Valentines Day, and Fathers Day) which resulted in asmall growth during the second half of the year. Franchise- the company offers franchisee to those who apply to them for franchising. The company had considered an addition of 20 new franchisee stores to the card and the gift retail market. The company has 186 franchise locations which increased from the last years total of 177 stores. There were 20 new openings and 11 closing of shops. Thorntons Direct- it is the online division of the company to the customers as well as corporate business. In spite of being a small part of the overall industry, the prospect for the online business of the consumer remains strong and the company is progressing to invest properly. Theories and application Brand positioning The company aims to provide creative products to the people keeping in mind the innovation of the chocolates and the packaging. Through this the company aims to excel and also bring the people together. Recently the company has come up with new logo for the company as well as new colour palette. Brand positioning has continued to present various opportunities. The breadth of the products that they offer to the shoppers is becoming clearer as the company is focusing on a new look brand and feel (Bacevich, 2011). The company successfully launched Classics range in both single and double layers through all the channels, and then the launch of Nostalgia range of fudge and toffee was made which gave new opportunities for the distribution into the Commercial channel of UK (Lawson, 2013). Markets of the company Confectionary market- the confectionary market is of considerable size and the revenue of this market was 3.9 billion. This sector has a growth of 2 % over the recent years. Gifting markets- the total gifting market of the company is at 39.4 billion, this is ten times more than the confectionery market which also grew at 2% over the recent years (Thorntons- Full Year Results Presentation, 2013). The PESTEL analysis of the company Political issues- the company as such faces no political threats in the market while operating. Though there may arise, certain issues such as the use of wines and rums in the making of the chocolates. The Growth in sales participation in Commercial channel and consequence of VAT rate increases will go on to influence the margins (Larrea, 2015). Economical issues- during the times of economic downturn, there is chance that the peoples preference may shift from high priced chocolates to low priced ones. The economic climate can also lead to a failure of the commercial business or the franchisee business of the company Sociological issues- the companys products are also driven by the seasonal needs of the people like during Christmas, Easter, Valentines Day etc. There was a excellent growth of the company during this time as there was a remodelling of the products and the merchandising. Technological issues- the company continuously upgrades their technologies so as to improve their services. The people of the company are trained to use the various new technologies so that they keep up to the expectations of the company. The company has several electronic points of sales (EPOS) so that they are able to serve the people better. The company has invested in the manufacturing processes so that they are able to increase the capacity of their boxed chocolates. Environmental issues- there have been a rise of the cocoa due to the seasonal changes which has affected the cost of the production of chocolates. The company has tried to optimise the use of the ingredients, as well as reengineering of the products (PESTEL Analysis of macro environment, 2015). Legal issues- the problem of contamination of the food, accidents and malicious activities is a major issue for the industry. The company sees that there are no such issues and there are security systems which will guard against the contamination of the ingredients and the products. SWOT analysis of the company Strengths Weakness Though the market is growing but there is a lack of generation of profit in some of the sectors. Though it must be seen that the retails sales of the company declined by 9.3% from 132.1 million to 120.0 million. There is also a decline in the revenue from the stores owned by the company due to the closure of 35 stores. More over there is threat from the expansion in the markets which are unknown as they are not sure whether they will be accepted. Moreover it is not possible to relocate the manufacturing plants to the other places of Europe, thus it often leads to the cost of transportation. The shorter shelf life of the products is one of the main problems that the company faces. Moreover the new innovations and the introduction of newer product are making the life of the products short. Moreover the logistic and the warehousing of the goods adds to the cost of the products (SWOT analysis and PEST analysis, 2015). The company is dealing with gift items and seasonal sales which makes the increases the demand of the products during those time but otherwise the demands are not up to the mark. Opportunities The main opportunity that the company should grab is that the chocolate industry is the fastest growing industry as the demands of chocolates does not decline, rather they mostly increase. Due to the increasing demands off the chocolates in the market the sales of the company increases if they are able to keep up with the demands of the products (TheGuardian, 2011). Moreover the European market has the highest number of chocolates in the world with Switzerland consuming the highest and in Britain the consumption is 660,900 tonnes per year. Thus the company should invest in the European market apart from diversifying to the rest of the world. Threats The major threat is that the industry has no barrier for new entries, thus there are chances that new companies can enter the market and capture the market. There is very much competition in the market. The market of confectionery has several strong players in the UK. Each of the company has their own speciality and they also try to grab the attention of the people (TheGuardian, 2011). There is a threat that the taste and the preference of the people might change, thus the company will find it hard to sell the products. The prices of the raw materials may increase leading to the rise in the cost of the products. The increase of the FMCG industry results in a bigger reliance on a number of small key customers. The loss of part or all of a main grocery retail purchaser could adversely affect the profitability of the company. Building on the strengths of the company and exploiting the opportunities- strategies The company is the leading and a premiere chocolate brand in the UK, with the shoppers of the companys chocolates exceeding 300 million. The company aims to become the leading brand in chocolates in the commercial market of UK. The company can do so by developing in 5 of their key areas (Thorntons Strategy Review Presentation, 2011). In the Inlaid Boxed Chocolates, the company has a market share of 35%. With the increase in the market of the chocolate industry the company has the opportunity of increasing the market share of the boxed chocolates. The company can grow their business overseas in terms of the seasonal products in the various markets. The company has a current market share of 1 million in both USA and Australia. Thorntons are aiming to increasing the market share to 8 million in the USA and 3 million in Australia. Moreover the company should not keep the seasonal products in stock as these can hamper the sales if the offers and the products are not optimised as it happened once in the past. The sales of the Mothers Day and Valentines Day dropped due to that reason (Thorntons- Full Year Results Presentation, 2013). The company has installed a robot packing machine which has increased the efficiency of the packing in the boxed chocolates segment. The company had extended their relationship with their logistic partner DHL, so that the company can be benefitted in that sector. The company is expecting that the warehousing as well as the distribution of the company will improve and the capacity and the productivity will be developed. Over the past years the company have delivered the one of the largest investment in their people, in stores, in factory and as well as in their management teams. The company is recruiting people who have FMCG skills and experience and can invest in systems so that they can help the company to achieve their goals. Recently the company has come up with new logo for the company as well as new colour palette. Brand positioning has continued to present various opportunities. The breadth of the products that they offer to the shoppers is becoming clearer as the company is focusing on a new look brand and feel. The company have been functioning hard to develop theirpositioning of the brands and visual identity;they also enhanced their product variety packaging and categorisation and delivering exceptional merchandising to all their channels. They are in the course of providing a step-change to thecome across and get a feel of their brand. Moreover the company is able to display this by the new branding on their newest covering, grocery merchandising refurbished stores and marketing communications Market positioning based competition in both business-to-consumer and business-to-business markets The company has its own channels of distribution in the market. More over the company has their own stores and franchisee through which they are able to serve the people and meet their expectations (Marketing91.com, 2014). The company is the market leader in terms of excellence, creativity and it is considered as the top most priority while gifting. Moreover the market share of the company is growing over the years. Thorntons provide a high quality of products which uses better quality ingredients and they have a consistency in the content of the cocoa. The company has a strong brand name and it is due to the fact that they use innovation at a regular interval to keep up to the expectations of the peoples changing demands. Moreover the company provides attractive packages and designs for their products which the people like (MCCARTHY, 2015). The company has decided that they will be selling the products at places where it will be convenient for the people to have access to the products. There are franchised stores as well as the own stores of the company which are located at convenient locations. The company has competitive advantage over the other players in the market as they are far more into researches and developing of new products. Te multi channel of the company are one of the main strengths of the company as the company is able to mitigate the risk from the down turn of particular channel. Conclusion The company needs to change their strategies keeping in mind the availability of the products. In liaison with the strategy of the company, the company needs to change their business model so as to reflect the constantly evolving character of shoppers activities which are reflected in the multi-channel environment of retail (Thorntons- Katapult, 2015).. The company needs to position their products at places so that they are available whenever, wherever and however our customers demand. At the same time the company should retain their supply chain so as to continue the efficiency of their production and supply chainoperations. The company aims to provide an excellent customer experience, from wherever the people wish to buy Thorntons products. Thorntons multi-channel business model, which have 175franchises, 260 stores, a presence on the online and a business selling commercially to the major convenience stores, retailers, grocers, and independent retailers, mostly in the UK but with a rising international supply, the company is able to serve the needs and demands of the customers. There is a worry that the company may fail to differentiate it in the premium category next to names such as Hotel Chocolat and Green Blacks (Thorntons- Katapult, 2015). The company still charges a higher price than mass marketers Cadbury's or Mars. In conclusion, it is obvious that Thorntons is facing fairly tough time in the chocolate industry. If they feel like increasing to the other untapped markets, they have to initially work strategically on their margins of net profit. It is seen that their net profit margins were low in some of the years thus hindering the success. Thus the company must see that the company meets the demands of the people by providing attractive and innovative products and packages. The company must also reduce their supply chain cost as well so that it does not add to the cost of the products. References Bacevich, A. (2011). Box of Chocolates.Reviews In American History,39(1), 101-106. doi:10.1353/rah.2011.0044 Just-food.com,. (2015).Thorntons food business news, Thorntons company profile, Thorntons analysis, comment and interviews. Retrieved 18 March 2015, from https://www.just-food.com/companies/thorntons_id117 Khan, Z. (2015).FAST FOOD SNACKS INDUSTRY GUIDE(1st ed.). British Library. Retrieved from https://www.bl.uk/bipc/pdfs/Fast_Food_and_Snacks_Industry_Guide.pdf Larrea, C. (2015).Market Research for Sustainable Investment(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.fastinternational.org/files/Market%20Research%20for%20Sustainable%20Investment%20-%20Cocoa%20LA.pdf Lawson, A. 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